How a civil case moves through court, step by step

1. Filing: One side (the plaintiff/petitioner) files a complaint or petition describing what happened and what they want the court to do.

2. Service: The other side (the defendant/respondent) must be formally notified, usually by having documents personally delivered or mailed in a way the court accepts.

3. Response: The defendant typically has a set number of days (often 20–30, but check your court's rule) to file an Answer or other response. Missing this deadline can result in a default judgment against you.

4. Discovery (in some cases): Both sides may exchange information and documents relevant to the dispute.

5. Motions: Either side can ask the court to rule on specific issues before trial, such as a motion to dismiss or a motion for continuance.

6. Hearing or trial: The judge (and sometimes a jury) hears both sides and reviews evidence.

7. Judgment: The court issues a decision. There is usually a limited window afterward to appeal.

Every court and case type has its own specific timeline and rules of procedure. Always check your local rules, since deadlines vary by state, county, and case type.